Edward Estlin (E. E.) Cummings was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts, in 1894. He studied literature and languages at Harvard University and volunteered as an ambulance driver during World War I (1914–1918). During the war he was jailed in France for writing letters that criticized the war. He later became a writer and artist. Cummings developed a unique style and broke many traditional rules in his poetry. He made up words and used unconventional spelling, punctuation, grammar, and capitalization, even spelling his own name all in lowercase letters—e. e. cummings. Before his death in 1962, Cummings wrote a number of books, including The Enormous Room, a novel he wrote about his experiences while wrongly jailed in France, i: SIX NON LECTURES, a book of essays, and No Thanks, a book of poetry. Many of his poems have been published in anthologies, such as 100 Selected Poems, which was published in 1999.