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University of Arizona Press. "The Ground is Always
Damp" from BLUE HORSES RUSH IN by Luci Tapahonso. © 1997 Luci
Tapahonso. Reprinted/recorded by permission of the University of Arizona
Press. No part of this on-line excerpt may be reproduced in any manner
whatsover without the written permission of the University of Arizona
Press. |
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During Reading Strategy
Continue to Create Mind Pictures
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Luci Tapahonso
One night Leona dreamt that she was sitting outside her parents’ home
in the bright sunlight. The many trees, the small dusty chickens scratching
nearby, and a single cloud above cast sharp dark shadows on the smooth
yard. The sudden familiarity of the detailed shadows and clean air startled
and awakened her, and later she spoke aloud, addressing her mother who
was hundreds of miles away.
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Guided Reading Question 1
What did Leona dream about one night?
Click
to answer |
“Shimá,
my mother, it’s cloudy here most of the time. The ground is always
damp, and Mom, I don’t care to kneel down and sift dirt through
my fingers. One day last week, the sun came out for a few hours, and
the shadows were soft and furry on the brown grass. That’s the
way it is here, my mother.” |
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Even though Leona
hadn’t seen her parents in months, she talked
to them silently every day. She imagined that they listened, then responded
by explaining things or asking long, detailed questions. Leona did this
thoughtfully and felt that they did the same in their daily conversations
about her and her children. They wondered what the weather was like and
what kind of house Leona and her family lived in. She was certain about
this. The difference was that they spoke aloud to each other, or to the
various brothers and sisters who lived nearby. |
Guided Reading Question 2
What does Leona imagine?
Click
to answer |
In her dreams, she was always there in New Mexico,
driving the winding roads to Taos, watching the harvest dances at Laguna,
or maybe selling hay and watermelons with her brothers. In her dreams,
she laughed, talking and joking easily in Navajo and English. She woke
herself up sometimes because she had laughed aloud, or said, “Aye-e-e”—that
old familiar teasing expression.
The New Mexico sky is clear and empty. It is a deep blue, almost turquoise,
and Leona’s family lives surrounded by the Carriso Mountains
in the west, the Sleeping Ute Mountains in the north, the La Plata
in the east and the Chuska Mountain range1 to the southwest. They rely
on the distance, the thin, clean air, and the mountains to alert them
to rain, thunderstorms, dust storms, and intense heat. At various times,
her brothers stand looking across the horizon to see what is in store.
They can see fifty miles or more in each direction.
In contrast, when Leona looks to the east most mornings, the sky is gray,
the air thick with frost, and the wind blows cold dampness.
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Guided Reading Question 3
When Leona dreams, where is she? What is she doing?
Click
to answer |
“My mother, there are no mountains here, and I can’t see very
far because the air is thick and heavy with a scent I can’t recognize.
I haven’t been able to smell the arrival of snow here, or to distinguish
between the different kinds of rain scent. The rain seems all the same
here, except in degree, and it is constant. Sometimes it lasts for two
days and nights. It pours steadily until brown streams form and drain into
the overflowing creek behind the house.
“Shimá, some nights I just want to walk down the street and
smell piñon2 wood smoke, or stew or beans boiling when I pass a
house.” In the fall, we talk about the seasonal rituals at home. “Remember,” we
say, “fresh green chile roasting outside at Farmer’s Market
or outside of Smith’s or Albertson’s? When Grandma Acoma baked
bread in the outside oven at McCarty’s? We all helped. Daddy chopped
wood and piled it near the oven. We helped put the oven door back in place
and ran out of the house with potholders and the long poles to bring out
the bread. We would help Grandma carry the bread, and she would say, ‘Chase
the dogs off! They just get in the way!”
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Guided Reading
Question 4
What is the sky like where Leona is?
Click
to answer
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Once Leona’s
elder daughter said, “Then we didn’t know that those times
would be memories for us. We didn’t know we would leave there.
It seemed like it would last and last. The bright afternoons, Grandma’s
soft strong hands, the smell of bread in the clear blue sky.”
“Our laughter was different then,” she said softly. |
Guided Reading
Question 5
What did Leona’s daughter say they didn’t know?
Click
to answer |
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