Directions. When giving directions, one must use concise yet descriptive language. The writer must include all the information that a reader will need to understand how to do what the reader is describing. Too much unimportant information can make the directions confusing, however. Directions for how to do something are particularly helpful when they explain why or when the reader may need to use them. Identify in this selection where the author states why or when certain directions should be followed.
Diagram. A diagram is an illustration that serves to explain a concept or process, including the arrangement and relations of the various parts of the concept, object, or process. How does the author of “How to Use a Compass” use diagrams to help explain the process?
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- Science Connection. A magnetic compass has a needle, which is the magnet, balanced on a pivot point. The needle’s red point always points north, no matter which way the compass is turned, because it is attracted to the earth’s magnetic North Pole. A compass reading can be affected by other magnetic fields, so it’s best to use it away from metal objects like pocket knives or railroad tracks.
- People use compasses to orient themselves in many different situations: hiking, orienteering, sailing and boating, and exploring. Orienteering is a sport in which competitors use maps and compasses to reach a series of goals or checkpoints in the shortest time possible.
- The selection “How to Use a Compass” is a basic lesson, and not sufficient for those who would like to travel safely in unfamiliar terrain. A compass is most effectively used along with a map. If you would like to learn more about using a compass, visit Kjetil Kjernsmo’s web site at http://www.uio.no/~kjetikj/compass/index.html.
Have you ever been lost or unsure of whether you were heading the right way? How did you get through the situation?
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